La manyathelo ekugqibeleni ngenxa kwi-Yukos' bankruptcy
Kwi-elide-awaited isigqibo ipapashwe izolo, Hague Wesithili Inkundla ('Inkundla') ubeke bucala i-US$ bhiliyoni mbasa kwi-idolo ka-owokuqala uninzi shareholders ka-Yukos kwi qho ukuba Tribunals lacked kolawulo lwesixeko ukuva disputesInkundla amkela isirashiya ke mbambano ukuba, pursuant ukuba Inqaku ka-Ombane umqulu we-Treaty ('ECT'), ayo isigqibo hayi ratify i-ECT ukuqwalasela okuthethwayo ukuba kwaba kuphela babotshelelwe yi-izibonelelo ezaye ithelekiswa nge-Russian umthetho. Imbambano kulo mbuzo, nto leyo ichaphazelekayo ubudlelwane phakathi loluntu-mthetho indalo, ayikwazanga isiwe ngamazwe arbitration phantsi Russian umthetho. Oku high-inkangeleko isigqibo enokuba iziphumo zemisebenzi yokufama kwi ukunyanzeliswa iingxoxo ngokuchasene Us ke impahla yexabiso ngoku kuxhomekeko ubuncinane ama-imida kwaye kanjalo liphakamisa imibuzo malunga ukusebenza we-ECT kuba abatyali-mali kwi-Us. I-factual ngasemva kule meko kukuba summarised kwi-inkcukacha wethu edlulileyo hetalia izithuba.
Kwi-isishwankathelo, Claimants, zintathu yangaphambili shareholders ye-OAO Yukos-Oli Inkampani ('Yukos'), formerly oyena-oli inkampani kwi-i-Soviet Russia, alleged ukuba isirashiya ('i-Russia') kokuba kuthathelwe a ngokubanzi umqolo Yombuso amanyathelo intended ukuzisa malunga ne-mali nazo kwaye dismantling ka-Yukos.
Ingakumbi, isirussian irhafu-mandla kokuba seized Yukos' impahla yexabiso ngokusekelwe allegation ukuba Yukos bebe abakwicandelo enkulu abakhasayo tax evasion. I-Claimants yaqalisa ezintathu enxulumene arbitrations alleging ukuba isirashiya kokuba unlawfully expropriated zabo investments.
Inkundla ekuvunyelwene ngalo eli yokutolika
I-arbitrations, wazisa phantsi Amandla umqulu we-Treaty ('ECT') kwaye zilawulwa lisebe phantsi UNCITRAL Imigaqo, ukuba zonke weva ngelizwi elinye arbitrators kwaye baba seated kwi-Hague. Kwi nani likhulu olukhawulezileyo lwemali arbitration mbasa ukuba kuba ngonaphakade sele zenziwe-wonke, Tribunals kugqitywe inkqubo amabango kunye ezintathu mbasa ekhutshwe ngo, kwaye ruled ukuba isirashiya kokuba unlawfully expropriated impahla Yukos ngokusebenzisa uthotho amanyathelo athathwa phakathi kwe- kwaye, kwaye awarded i-Claimants umonakalo othe kwama-US$ bhiliyoni. Omnye iqhosha imiba kwi-arbitrations waba yokuba, nangona Us kokuba esayiniweyo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela wavuma provisionally ukuze ufake isicelo, ECT ngo, waba kugqitywe hayi ratify kuyo. Enyanisweni, ngo, i-Russia formally wanika isaziso yayo injongo hayi kuba iqela le-ECT. Oku kokuba isiphumo ka-terminating Us ke provisional isicelo we-ECT ukuqhubela phambili, kodwa ECT ibonelela ukuba investments made phambi ngobuchule umhla isaziso (oktobha) kuqhubeka kuba igqunywe kuba ixesha- idlulileyo. Nangona Us kokuba wacela umngeni Tribunals' kolawulo lwesixeko ukuva Claimants' amabango, arguing ukuba yayo imvume ukuba arbitration ayikwazanga abe ubizwe ngokusebenzisa yayo mere utyikityo kodwa non-ukwamkelwa i-treaty, Tribunals asivunywanga le miyalelo kwi-esa kundoqo izigqibo rendered ngomhla wama- kweyenkanga. Kamva, i-Russia ephambili kubekela bucala ama-iingxoxo kwi-Hague Wesithili Inkundla, ucela ukuba zombini i interim mbasa rendered ngo- kwaye yokugqibela mbasa rendered ngo, abe quashed. Russia argued ukuba, njengoko waba hayi ratified i-ECT, ECT kuphela isicelo eso provisionally, kwaye kuphela kangangoko ukuba yayo izibonelelo bengengabo engavisisaniyo nomthetho Russian umthetho.
Layo isiphumezi-miyalelo waba ngokusekelwe yayo yokutolika zilandelayo iqhosha izibonelelo ECT: Russia argued ukuba Kwemida Lokulingana kwi Inqaku kwenze ukuba kube yimfuneko i-njalo na okanye hayi nganye Inqaku le-ECT waba ithelekiswa ne-national imithetho.
Ngamanye amazwi, i-Russia inikwe kuphela yi-babotshelelwe treaty izibonelelo reconcilable nge-Russian umthetho. Umbuzo waba ke nokuba Inqaku yaba ithelekiswa nge-Russian umthetho. Russia ubeke phambili uluvo u-ingcaphephe kwi-Russian umthetho, kunye ngaye opined ukuba phantsi-Russian umthetho, ubudlelwane phakathi loluntu-mthetho indalo ayikwazi isiwe ngamazwe arbitration. Kule meko, kwaba wathi ukuba nangumsinga imbambano phakathi kwamaqela ebezinyukile kwi-wonke-mthetho isemthethweni budlelwane kwaye obandakanyekayo uvavanyo lokuba enze-wonke-mthetho abasemagunyeni yi Russian urhulumente imizimba (ingakumbi, isirussian irhafu igunya). Ke ngoko, Inqaku ka-ECT kokuba akukho isemthethweni qho kwi-Russian umthetho. Inkundla dismissed i-Yukos shareholders' mbambano ukuba provisionally kufanelekileyo treaties bamisela yinxalenye Russian isemthethweni inkqubo: i-it eqhutywe ukuba ngamazwe treaties ezifana ECT nto abanalo. ratified ayikwazi ukuthatha ukubaluleka phezu federal umthetho, njengoko ngolo yokutolika izakuba ephikisana-siseko okunokukhethwa kuko kwamagunya phakathi lowiso-mthetho, oluphezulu kwaye abachopheli-mandla. Inkundla ifumanise ukuba, njengoko Us zange wenza i-unconditional kunikela ukuba arbitrate kwi-uluvo Inqaku we-ECT, isaziso arbitration akazange ifomu elisebenzayo arbitration sivumelwano.
Ngokufanelekileyo, Inkundla iyaguquka ezi mbasa kwi emidlalo ukuba arbitrators lacked kolawulo lwesixeko kwaye ilungisiwe i-Yukos shareholders ukuhlawula iindleko i-kubekela bucala ama-iingxoxo.
Esi sigqibo siza shiya abatyali-mali kwi-Russia kwakhona akaqinisekanga njengoko indlela ECT kufuneka itolikwa kwaye nokuba eneneni zabo phambi- investments kuqhubeka ikhuselwe phantsi ECT (ezinikezelwe kwezinye iimeko kuyahlangatyezwana nazo). Oku asiyo end mba, nangona kunjalo. I-Yukos shareholders kuba sele made it clear ukuba baya isibheno esi sigqibo zonke indlela nonozakuzaku Supreme Inkundla ukuba yimfuneko, nkqubo leyo ayikwazi ukuthatha phezulu ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu.
Kwesi sithuba nangona kunjalo, esi sigqibo ayikwazi kuba nefuthe ukunyanzeliswa iingxoxo ukuba Yukos shareholders kuba initiated ngokuchasene Russian impahla yexabiso ezahlukeneyo eminye imida.
Ukuba umhla, iingxoxo, ingaba reportedly afoot ubuncinane Belgium, France, Enetherlands, UK, NATHI, Egermany kwaye i-India. Lo mba i-enforceability ka-arbitral mbasa ebezigcinwe ungenako ukutshitshiswa okanye kubekela bucala ama-e-zabo sokugweba yi complex umbuzo oko kuxhomekeke indlela ka-ethile inkundla ukuba uphulaphula mba. Phantsi Inqaku V(e) Enew York Convention, unyanzeliso zibe wala ukuba kweelwimi wenziwe bucala. Ngoko ke, ngamnye inkundla seized kunye ukunyanzeliswa iingxoxo phantsi Enew York Sivumelwano iya kuba yedwa njengoko na okanye hayi walile ukunyanzeliswa kwi isiseko esi sigqibo.
Oku yedwa sele kukhokelele contrasting iindlela kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Kunyaka nje unobumba Malicorp Ltd v Karhulumente Arab Kwiriphabliki Laseyiputa nabanye, isingesi Abarhwebayo Inkundla wala enforce a i-cairo Jonga Iziko kuba Ngamazwe Abarhwebayo Arbitration kweelwimi kwi emhlabeni ukuze kwaba bucala lisebe i-cairo Inkundla Isibheno.
Umgwebi igcine ukuba isigqibo i-cairo inkundla kufuneka kunikwa ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuba offended ezisisiseko imigaqo honesty, yendalo ubulungisa nelindle concepts-wonke mgaqo-nkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, isifrentshi iinkundla kufuneka kuthathelwe elahlukileyo indlela: ubambe ukuba sicwangciso bucala i-mbasa kwi-sokugweba ngu-hayi, kwaye ngokwalo, emhlabeni kuba ukukhanyela unyanzeliso - mbasa ingaba izigqibo ngamazwe ubulungisa, kwaye ngoko ke, kufuneka examined ngokunxulumene nemithetho yelizwe apho ngabo ekubeni isetyenzisiwe. Ngokunjalo, xa oko ngakumbi complicates idabi phakathi Irussia Yukos shareholders, esi sigqibo kukuba sifuna kukhokelela kuluncedo jurisprudence kwi indlela ezahluka-domestic iinkundla ukuba ukunyanzeliswa mbasa ebezigcinwe bucala kwi zabo sokugweba. Ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe, nceda uqhagamshelane Uandreya Cannon, Iqabane lakho, Nicholas Peacock, Iqabane lakho, Elizabeth Kantor, Associate okanye wakho amaxesha amaninzi Herbert Smith Freehills uqhagamshelane. I amanqaku ipapashwe kule website, ngoku ngexesha imihla ka-upapasho echazwe ngasentla, ingaba kuba kuyo ngeenjongo kuphela.
Baya musa eyiyo isemthethweni ingcebiso kwaye akufanele relied phezu njengoko enjalo.
Ingingqi isemthethweni iingcebiso malunga ingingqi yakho iimeko abafanele ukusoloko wafuna ngokwahlukeneyo phambi ethabatha nayiphi na intshukumo.
